@media

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

Описание

CSS @-правило @media может быть использовано для применения части стилей при соблюдении условия одного или нескольких медиавыражений.

Примечание: В JavaScript правила, созданные с помощью @media могут быть получены через интерфейс объектной модели CSS CSSMediaRule.

Синтаксис

@-правило @media можно разместить на верхнем уровне CSS или внутри любого фрагмента условной группы @-правил.

css

/* На верхнем уровне кода */
@media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
  article {
    padding: 1rem 3rem;
  }
}

/* Вложено в другое условное @-правило */
@supports (display: flex) {
  @media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
    article {
      display: flex;
    }
  }
}

Для рассмотрения синтаксиса медиавыражений, см. Использование медиавыражений.

Формальный синтаксис

@media = 
  @media <media-query-list> { <rule-list> }

A <media-query> is composed of a optional media type and/or a number of media features.

Типы

all: Подходит для всех устройств.
print: Intended for paged material and for documents viewed on screen in print preview mode. Please consult the section on paged media, and the media section of the Getting Started tutorial for information about formatting issues that are specific to paged media.
screen: Предназначен в первую очередь для цветных компьютерных экранов.
speech: Предназначен для синтезаторов речи.

Примечание: CSS2.1 и Media Queries 3 определили несколько дополнительных значений (tty, tv, projection, handheld, braille, embossed, aural), но они устарели в Media Queries 4 и не рекомендуется к использованию.

Media Features

Each media feature tests for one specific feature of the browser or device.

Имя	Summary	Notes
`width`	Viewport width
`height`	Viewport height
`aspect-ratio`	Width-to-height aspect ratio of the viewport
`orientation`	Orientation of the viewport
`resolution`	Pixel density of the output device
`scan`	Scanning process of the output device
`grid`	Is the device a grid or bitmap?
`update-frequency`	How quickly (if at all) can the output device modify the appearance of the content	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`overflow-block`	How does the output device handle content that overflows the viewport along the block axis?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`overflow-inline`	Can content that overflows the viewport along the inline axis be scrolled?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`color`	Number of bits per color component of the output device, or zero if the device isn't color.
`color-index`	Number of entries in the output device's color lookup table, or zero if the device does not use such a table.
`display-mode`	The display mode of the application, as specified in the web app manifest's display member.	Defined in the Web App Manifest spec.
`monochrome`	Bits per pixel in the output device's monochrome frame buffer, or 0 if the device is not monochrome.
`inverted-colors`	Is the user agent or underlying OS inverting colors?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`pointer`	Is the primary input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`hover`	Does the primary input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`any-pointer`	Is any available input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`any-hover`	Does any available input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`light-level`	Current ambient light level	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`scripting`	Is scripting (e.g. JavaScript) available?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`device-width`	Width of the rendering surface of the output device	Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
`device-height`	Height of the rendering surface of the output device	Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
`device-aspect-ratio`	Width-to-height aspect ratio of the output device	Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
`-webkit-device-pixel-ratio` Не стандартно	Number of physical device pixels per CSS pixel	Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific. If possible, use the `resolution` media feature instead.
`-webkit-transform-3d` Не стандартно	Are CSS 3D `transform`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific
`-webkit-transform-2d` Не стандартно	Are CSS 2D `transform`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit-specific
`-webkit-transition` Не стандартно	Are CSS `transition`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit-specific
`-webkit-animation` Не стандартно	Are CSS `animation`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit-specific

Примеры

css

@media print {
  body {
    font-size: 10pt;
  }
}
@media screen {
  body {
    font-size: 13px;
  }
}
@media screen, print {
  body {
    line-height: 1.2;
  }
}
@media only screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (max-device-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
  body {
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
}

Спецификации

Specification
Media Queries Level 4 # media-descriptor-table
CSS Conditional Rules Module Level 3 # at-media

Совместимость с браузерами

BCD tables only load in the browser

Смотрите также

Media queries
The CSSOM CSSMediaRule associated with this at-rule.