HTMLCanvasElement.toDataURL()

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

HTMLCanvasElement.toDataURL() 方法返回一个包含图片展示的 data URI。可以使用 type 参数指定其类型，默认为 PNG 格式。图片的分辨率为 96dpi。

  • 如果画布的高度或宽度是 0，那么会返回字符串“data:,”。
  • 如果传入的类型非“image/png”，但是返回的值以“data:image/png”开头，那么该传入的类型是不支持的。
  • Chrome 支持“image/webp”类型。

语法

js
toDataURL()
toDataURL(type)
toDataURL(type, encoderOptions)

参数

type 可选

图片格式，默认为 image/png

encoderOptions 可选

在指定图片格式为 image/jpeg 或 image/webp 的情况下，可以从 0 到 1 的区间内选择图片的质量。如果超出取值范围，将会使用默认值 0.92。其他参数会被忽略。

返回值

包含 data URI 的字符串。

示例

有如下<canvas>元素

html
<canvas id="canvas" width="5" height="5"></canvas>

可以用这样的方式获取一个 data-URL

js
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var dataURL = canvas.toDataURL();
console.log(dataURL);
// "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNby
// blAAAADElEQVQImWNgoBMAAABpAAFEI8ARAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"

设置 jpegs 图片的质量

js
var fullQuality = canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg", 1.0);
// data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQ...9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD/AD/6AP/Z"
var mediumQuality = canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg", 0.5);
var lowQuality = canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg", 0.1);

示例：动态更改图片

可以使用鼠标事件来动态改变图片（这个例子中改变图片灰度）。

HTML

html
<img class="grayscale" src="myPicture.png" alt="Description of my picture" />

JavaScript

js
window.addEventListener("load", removeColors);

function showColorImg() {
  this.style.display = "none";
  this.nextSibling.style.display = "inline";
}

function showGrayImg() {
  this.previousSibling.style.display = "inline";
  this.style.display = "none";
}

function removeColors() {
  var aImages = document.getElementsByClassName("grayscale"),
    nImgsLen = aImages.length,
    oCanvas = document.createElement("canvas"),
    oCtx = oCanvas.getContext("2d");
  for (
    var nWidth, nHeight, oImgData, oGrayImg, nPixel, aPix, nPixLen, nImgId = 0;
    nImgId < nImgsLen;
    nImgId++
  ) {
    oColorImg = aImages[nImgId];
    nWidth = oColorImg.offsetWidth;
    nHeight = oColorImg.offsetHeight;
    oCanvas.width = nWidth;
    oCanvas.height = nHeight;
    oCtx.drawImage(oColorImg, 0, 0);
    oImgData = oCtx.getImageData(0, 0, nWidth, nHeight);
    aPix = oImgData.data;
    nPixLen = aPix.length;
    for (nPixel = 0; nPixel < nPixLen; nPixel += 4) {
      aPix[nPixel + 2] =
        aPix[nPixel + 1] =
        aPix[nPixel] =
          (aPix[nPixel] + aPix[nPixel + 1] + aPix[nPixel + 2]) / 3;
    }
    oCtx.putImageData(oImgData, 0, 0);
    oGrayImg = new Image();
    oGrayImg.src = oCanvas.toDataURL();
    oGrayImg.onmouseover = showColorImg;
    oColorImg.onmouseout = showGrayImg;
    oCtx.clearRect(0, 0, nWidth, nHeight);
    oColorImg.style.display = "none";
    oColorImg.parentNode.insertBefore(oGrayImg, oColorImg);
  }
}

规范

Specification
HTML Standard
# dom-canvas-todataurl-dev

浏览器兼容性

BCD tables only load in the browser

参考