transform-style
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since March 2022.
The transform-style
CSS property sets whether children of an element are positioned in the 3D space or are flattened in the plane of the element.
Try it
If flattened, the element's children will not exist on their own in the 3D-space.
As this property is not inherited, it must be set for all non-leaf descendants of the element.
Syntax
/* Keyword values */
transform-style: flat;
transform-style: preserve-3d;
/* Global values */
transform-style: inherit;
transform-style: initial;
transform-style: revert;
transform-style: revert-layer;
transform-style: unset;
Values
flat
-
Indicates that the children of the element are lying in the plane of the element itself.
preserve-3d
-
Indicates that the children of the element should be positioned in the 3D-space.
Description
The spec lists some grouping property values, which
require the user agent to create a flattened representation of the descendant elements before they can be applied, and therefore force the element to have a used value of transform-style: flat
, even when preserve-3d
is specified. These property values include:
overflow
: any value other thanvisible
orclip
.opacity
: any value less than1
.filter
: any value other thannone
.clip
: any value other thanauto
.clip-path
: any value other thannone
.isolation
: used value ofisolate
.mask-image
: any value other thannone
.mask-border-source
: any value other thannone
.mix-blend-mode
: any value other thannormal
.contain
:paint
and any other property/value combination that causes paint containment. This includes any property that affect the used value of thecontain
property, such ascontent-visibility: hidden
.
Formal definition
Initial value | flat |
---|---|
Applies to | transformable elements |
Inherited | no |
Computed value | as specified |
Animation type | discrete |
Creates stacking context | yes |
Formal syntax
transform-style =
flat |
preserve-3d
Examples
Transform style demonstration
In this example we have a 3D cube created using transforms. The parent container of the cube faces has transform-style: preserve-3d
set on it by default, so it is transformed in the 3D space and you can see it as intended.
We also provide a checkbox allowing you to toggle between this, and transform-style: flat
. In this alternative state, the cube faces are all flattened onto the plane of their parent, and you might not be able to see them at all, depending on the browser you are using.
HTML
<section id="example-element">
<div class="face front">1</div>
<div class="face back">2</div>
<div class="face right">3</div>
<div class="face left">4</div>
<div class="face top">5</div>
<div class="face bottom">6</div>
</section>
<div class="checkbox">
<label for="preserve"><code>preserve-3d</code></label>
<input type="checkbox" id="preserve" checked />
</div>
CSS
#example-element {
margin: 50px;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
transform-style: preserve-3d;
transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 30deg);
}
.face {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
backface-visibility: inherit;
font-size: 60px;
color: #fff;
}
.front {
background: rgb(90 90 90 / 70%);
transform: translateZ(50px);
}
.back {
background: rgb(0 210 0 / 70%);
transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.right {
background: rgb(210 0 0 / 70%);
transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.left {
background: rgb(0 0 210 / 70%);
transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.top {
background: rgb(210 210 0 / 70%);
transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
.bottom {
background: rgb(210 0 210 / 70%);
transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}
JavaScript
const cube = document.getElementById("example-element");
const checkbox = document.getElementById("preserve");
checkbox.addEventListener("change", () => {
cube.style.transformStyle = checkbox.checked ? "preserve-3d" : "flat";
});
Result
Specifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Transforms Module Level 2 # transform-style-property |
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser