position

position: static;
position: relative;
position: absolute;
position: fixed;
position: sticky;

/* グローバル値 */
position: inherit;
position: initial;
position: revert;
position: revert-layer;
position: unset;

<div class="box" id="one">One</div>
<div class="box" id="two">Two</div>
<div class="box" id="three">Three</div>
<div class="box" id="four">Four</div>

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.box {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: red;
  color: white;
}

#two {
  position: relative;
  top: 20px;
  left: 20px;
  background: blue;
}

<h1>Absolute positioning</h1>

<p>
  I am a basic block level element. My adjacent block level elements sit on new
  lines below me.
</p>

<p class="positioned">
  By default we span 100% of the width of our parent element, and we are as tall
  as our child content. Our total width and height is our content + padding +
  border width/height.
</p>

<p>
  We are separated by our margins. Because of margin collapsing, we are
  separated by the width of one of our margins, not both.
</p>

<p>
  inline elements <span>like this one</span> and <span>this one</span> sit on
  the same line as one another, and adjacent text nodes, if there is space on
  the same line. Overflowing inline elements
  <span>wrap onto a new line if possible — like this one containing text</span>,
  or just go on to a new line if not, much like this image will do:
  <img src="long.jpg" />
</p>

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  width: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

p {
  background: aqua;
  border: 3px solid blue;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
}

span {
  background: red;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

.positioned {
  position: absolute;
  background: yellow;
  top: 30px;
  left: 30px;
}

<div class="outer">
  <p>
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam congue tortor
    eget pulvinar lobortis. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus
    et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Nam ac dolor augue. Pellentesque mi mi,
    laoreet et dolor sit amet, ultrices varius risus. Nam vitae iaculis elit.
    Aliquam mollis interdum libero. Sed sodales placerat egestas. Vestibulum ut
    arcu aliquam purus viverra dictum vel sit amet mi. Duis nisl mauris, aliquam
    sit amet luctus eget, dapibus in enim. Sed velit augue, pretium a sem
    aliquam, congue porttitor tortor. Sed tempor nisl a lorem consequat, id
    maximus erat aliquet. Sed sagittis porta libero sed condimentum. Aliquam
    finibus lectus nec ante congue rutrum. Curabitur quam quam, accumsan id
    ultrices ultrices, tempor et tellus.
  </p>
  <p>
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam congue tortor
    eget pulvinar lobortis. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus
    et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Nam ac dolor augue. Pellentesque mi mi,
    laoreet et dolor sit amet, ultrices varius risus. Nam vitae iaculis elit.
    Aliquam mollis interdum libero. Sed sodales placerat egestas. Vestibulum ut
    arcu aliquam purus viverra dictum vel sit amet mi. Duis nisl mauris, aliquam
    sit amet luctus eget, dapibus in enim. Sed velit augue, pretium a sem
    aliquam, congue porttitor tortor. Sed tempor nisl a lorem consequat, id
    maximus erat aliquet. Sed sagittis porta libero sed condimentum. Aliquam
    finibus lectus nec ante congue rutrum. Curabitur quam quam, accumsan id
    ultrices ultrices, tempor et tellus.
  </p>
  <div class="box" id="one">One</div>
</div>

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: red;
  color: white;
}

#one {
  position: fixed;
  top: 80px;
  left: 10px;
  background: blue;
}

.outer {
  width: 500px;
  height: 300px;
  overflow: scroll;
  padding-left: 150px;
}

#one {
  position: sticky;
  top: 10px;
}

<dl>
  <div>
    <dt>A</dt>
    <dd>Andrew W.K.</dd>
    <dd>Apparat</dd>
    <dd>Arcade Fire</dd>
    <dd>At The Drive-In</dd>
    <dd>Aziz Ansari</dd>
  </div>
  <div>
    <dt>C</dt>
    <dd>Chromeo</dd>
    <dd>Common</dd>
    <dd>Converge</dd>
    <dd>Crystal Castles</dd>
    <dd>Cursive</dd>
  </div>
  <div>
    <dt>E</dt>
    <dd>Explosions In The Sky</dd>
  </div>
  <div>
    <dt>T</dt>
    <dd>Ted Leo &amp; The Pharmacists</dd>
    <dd>T-Pain</dd>
    <dd>Thrice</dd>
    <dd>TV On The Radio</dd>
    <dd>Two Gallants</dd>
  </div>
</dl>

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

dl > div {
  background: #fff;
  padding: 24px 0 0 0;
}

dt {
  background: #b8c1c8;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #989ea4;
  border-top: 1px solid #717d85;
  color: #fff;
  font:
    bold 18px/21px Helvetica,
    Arial,
    sans-serif;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 2px 0 0 12px;
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: -1px;
}

dd {
  font:
    bold 20px/45px Helvetica,
    Arial,
    sans-serif;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 12px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

dd + dd {
  border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
}